Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula has the highest concentration of
active volcanoes on Earth. Separated by only 180 kilometers (110 miles), Shiveluch, Bezymianny, Tolbachik, and Kizimen were
all erupting simultaneously on January 11, 2013.
The activity of these four volcanoes was captured
during a single orbit by
the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer on
NASA’s Terra satellite.
These four false-color (near infrared, red, and green) images show Shiveluch,
Bezymianny, Plotsky-Tolbachik, and Kizimen in detail.
The Shiveluch and Bezymianny eruptions are both characterized by
a growing lava
dome—thick, pasty lava that forms a mound as it is extruded.
Tolbachik, one of the few shield
volcanoes on
Kamchatka, is erupting in a dramatically different manner. The thin, runny lava
flows easily, forming low and broad flows similar to those in Hawai’i.
In this image the lava remains hot enough to glow in near-infrared light.
Kizimen’s lava is not as viscous as that at Shiveluch and
Bezymianny, but not as fluid as Tolbachik’s. The intermediate lava forms thick,
blocky flows bordered
by tall levees. Rocks
and ash frequently fall from Kizimen’s summit and the fresh lava flow on its
eastern flank, creating dark, fan-shaped debris deposits.
1. References
2.
Kamchatka Volcanic
Eruption Response Team. (2013, January 17) Kamchatka and the Northern
Kuriles volcanoes: Erupting or Restless. Accessed January 18, 2013.
3.
Klemetti, Erik.
(2013, January 18) Four
New Cinder Cones from the Ongoing Tolbachik Eruption in Russia. Accessed January 18, 2013.
NASA image by Robert
Simmon, using data from the NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER
Science Team. Caption
by Robert Simmon.
Instrument:
Terra - ASTER
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